[Feature] ChanVese Segementation

[dheer-prog]

This is an implementation of the Chan Vese Algorithm based on the following paper:-
T. F. Chan and L. A. Vese, "Active contours without edges," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 266-277, Feb. 2001

Currently this implementation only outputs a binary image depending upon the segmented region, I'll soon add a way to generate contours using this method, as it ensures that the contours are smooth and not jaggy as that are formed by edge based method like for example Canny Edge detectors

Issue requesting this feature:-#4141

Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

• I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
• To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
• The PR is proposed to the proper branch
• There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
• There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
  Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
• The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

[dheer-prog]

Hello @asmorkalov , I know the formatting of segmentation.hpp is incorrect, I have created a pull request addressing the issue:- #4157
Once that is merged I'll just rebase this pr and both the Statistical Region Merging pr(#4156) will contain the correct formatting,

[dheer-prog]

Also I was able to find an C implementation of this and hence was to able to add a chanvese_expected.png in test_chanvese.cpp for comparision

[dheer-prog]

Hello @quink-black @asmorkalov , could you please review this pr

[dheer-prog]

@asmorkalov have you had a chance to review this