diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c49b5296..7413bce5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
   Request validation is called automatically for these operations.
 
 ### Fixes
+- Fixed: Validating against a schema from a referenced file raised `ArgumentError` in OpenAPI 3.0 documents when a top-level key of that file collides with a JSON Schema keyword, such as `$ref: 'parameters.yaml#/id'`. The containing file is no longer parsed as a schema itself, so such keys work like any other now. See #348.
 - Fixed: `$ref`s nested inside the schema of a parameter or a response header are resolved now, so these values are unpacked and converted as described. Before, only a `$ref` at the top level of the schema was resolved. See #450.
 - Fixed: The JSON schema of a parameter that uses a `content` field with a `$ref`'d schema is resolved now.
 - Fixed: Loading a document no longer raises `NoMethodError` when a parameter has neither `schema` nor `content`.
diff --git a/lib/openapi_first/ref_resolver.rb b/lib/openapi_first/ref_resolver.rb
index aa3ff23d..f2f93902 100644
--- a/lib/openapi_first/ref_resolver.rb
+++ b/lib/openapi_first/ref_resolver.rb
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def ==(_other)
       def resolve_ref(pointer)
         if pointer.start_with?('#')
           value = Hana::Pointer.new(pointer[1..]).eval(context)
-          raise "Unknown reference #{pointer} in #{context}" unless value
+          raise "Unknown reference #{pointer.inspect} in #{filepath || context}" unless value
 
           return ref_resolver.for(value, filepath:, context:)
         end
@@ -93,7 +93,10 @@ def resolve_ref(pointer)
         full_path = File.expand_path(relative_path, dir)
         return ref_resolver.load(full_path) unless file_pointer
 
-        ref_resolver.file_at(full_path, file_pointer)
+        resolved = ref_resolver.file_at(full_path, file_pointer)
+        raise "Unknown reference #{pointer.inspect} in #{filepath || context}" unless resolved
+
+        resolved
       rescue OpenapiFirst::FileNotFoundError => e
         message = "Problem with reference resolving #{pointer.inspect} in " \
                   "file #{File.absolute_path(filepath).inspect}: #{e.message}"
@@ -173,6 +176,14 @@ def schema(options)
     class Schema
       extend Forwardable
 
+      # The root context is a document, not a schema. Parsing it with only the core vocabulary
+      # keeps document keys that collide with dialect keywords (like "id" in OpenAPI 3.0)
+      # from being parsed as such and keeps them navigable for $ref pointers.
+      DOCUMENT_META_SCHEMA = JSONSchemer::Schema.new(
+        {},
+        vocabulary: { 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/vocab/core' => true }
+      )
+
       def initialize(value:, context:, base_uri:, options:)
         @value = value
         @context = context
@@ -186,10 +197,24 @@ def initialize(value:, context:, base_uri:, options:)
 
       def schema
         @schema ||= begin
-          root_schema = JSONSchemer::Schema.new(context, base_uri:, **options)
+          root_schema = JSONSchemer::Schema.new(context, base_uri:, **options, meta_schema: DOCUMENT_META_SCHEMA)
+          apply_dialect(root_schema)
           JSONSchemer::Schema.new(value, nil, root_schema, base_uri:, **options)
         end
       end
+
+      private
+
+      # Set the dialect meta schema on the root like JSONSchemer::Schema#parse would,
+      # so that schemas resolved via $ref pointers into the document inherit it.
+      def apply_dialect(root_schema)
+        dialect = options[:meta_schema] || options.fetch(:configuration, JSONSchemer.configuration).meta_schema
+        if dialect.is_a?(String)
+          JSONSchemer::Schema::SCHEMA_KEYWORD_CLASS.new(dialect, root_schema, '$schema')
+        else
+          root_schema.meta_schema = dialect
+        end
+      end
     end
 
     # @visibility private
diff --git a/spec/data/components/parameters.yaml b/spec/data/components/parameters.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a7d18e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/data/components/parameters.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+id:
+  name: id
+  in: path
+  required: true
+  schema:
+    type: integer
diff --git a/spec/data/parameters.yaml b/spec/data/parameters.yaml
index 093264eb..61c5ab24 100644
--- a/spec/data/parameters.yaml
+++ b/spec/data/parameters.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-openapi: "3.0.2"
+openapi: "3.0.3"
 info:
   version: 1.0.0
   title: Search example
@@ -92,11 +92,7 @@ paths:
         required: true
         schema:
           type: integer
-      - name: id
-        in: path
-        required: true
-        schema:
-          type: integer
+      - $ref: components/parameters.yaml#/id
     get:
       responses:
         "200":
diff --git a/spec/middlewares/request_validation/query_parameter_validation_spec.rb b/spec/middlewares/request_validation/query_parameter_validation_spec.rb
index c24ac37b..ab270976 100644
--- a/spec/middlewares/request_validation/query_parameter_validation_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/middlewares/request_validation/query_parameter_validation_spec.rb
@@ -134,6 +134,15 @@
           hash_including('parameter' => '', 'code' => 'required')
         )
       end
+
+      it 'validates the path param' do
+        get '/stuff/abc'
+        expect(last_response.status).to eq(400)
+        errors = JSON.parse(last_response.body)['errors']
+        expect(errors).to contain_exactly(
+          hash_including('parameter' => 'id', 'code' => 'integer')
+        )
+      end
     end
 
     context 'with array query parameters' do